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Palladium Catalyst Refining Methods

     

Palladium catalysts are widely used in chemical synthesis and industrial production. However, palladium is a precious metal, so recycling used palladium catalysts is becoming increasingly important.

Dissolution method and pyrometallurgical smelting are two commonly used methods. The dissolution method, often referred to as hydrometallurgy, is generally divided into three types: carrier dissolution method, selective dissolution method, and total dissolution method. Below is a brief introduction to these three methods:

1、Carrier Dissolution Method:Literally, this method completely dissolves the carrier using acid or alkali, then extracts precious metals from the residue left after dissolution. For example, most industrial carrier catalysts use alumina as the carrier. Direct pyrometallurgical purification is not feasible for this type of palladium catalyst—only by dissolving the carrier (utilizing its solubility with the corresponding acid) can palladium remain in the residue (since palladium is insoluble). The palladium is then extracted via dissolving and reducing the residue. This method has a high recovery rate but involves complex operations, and the carrier cannot be recycled.

2、Selective Dissolution Method:This method does not damage the carrier; instead, it uses special solvents to separate precious metals like platinum and palladium from the carrier, followed by reduction treatment of the dissolved liquid. Opposite to the above method, the carrier is retained and recyclable. However, its drawbacks are obvious: platinum and palladium are not fully dissolved, leading to a relatively low recovery rate.

3、Total Dissolution Method:As the name implies, this method completely dissolves the spent platinum-carbon catalyst (including the carrier). Ion exchange resin is then used to adsorb platinum. The obtained alkaline desorption solution is acidified to precipitate platinum, which is finally refined into pure platinum.

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