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separation methods for gold-silver alloys

     

Gold-silver alloys can be separated via chemical methods and electrolytic methods. Chemical methods include the chlorination process, nitric acid decomposition process and sulfuric acid decomposition process.

(1) The chlorination process is based on the difference in chemical affinity between different metals and chlorine. It selectively chlorinates impurity metals respectively, and separates gold, silver and impurities by controlling the temperature within an appropriate range, leveraging the different melting and boiling points of various metal chlorides. Although simple to operate, this method causes environmental pollution and yields gold and silver with low purity, so it is rarely applied in industrial production.

(2) The nitric acid decomposition process separates gold-silver alloys based on the principle that under the action of concentrated nitric acid, silver and other heavy metal impurities dissolve in nitric acid, while only gold remains insoluble. This method has drawbacks including high cost of nitric acid and environmental pollution, making it unsuitable for large-scale application.

(3) The sulfuric acid decomposition process achieves the separation of gold, silver and other impurities based on the principle that silver and other impurity elements in gold-silver alloys are readily soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, whereas gold is insoluble.

(4) The electrolytic method is carried out in two steps: In the first step, the alloy is used as the anode for electrolysis, where electrolytic silver is obtained at the cathode, and gold is enriched in the anode slime (a standard term for by-products of electrolytic refining in metallurgy). In the second step, the anode slime is melted and cast into an anode for secondary electrolysis, and electrolytic gold is obtained at the cathode.

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