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Hydrochloric Acid Leaching

     

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching, Purification, and Reduction Refining Technology for Niobium Chloride

The current method of refining niobium involves the following main steps:
a. Acid leaching of niobium: Typically results in soluble niobic acid (e.g., HNO₃·nH₂O).
b. Precipitation as niobium chloride: The formation of NbCl₅ or other niobium chloride compounds.
c. Purification: Removal of impurities from niobium chloride.
d. Reduction: Use of a reducing agent to convert the niobium chloride into pure niobium. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is commonly used for dissolving niobium, while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution can also be employed to directly obtain niobium chloride.

The purified niobium chloride is cleaned using hot water or ammonia (NH₃) in a repeated washing process to eliminate impurities. Common reducing agents used include active metals, glutaric acid, sodium sulfide (Na₂S), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and thiourea, among others. The selection of these reducing agents depends on factors such as cost-effectiveness and the strength of their reducing properties.

The reduction process for niobium chloride is a critical step in the overall refining procedure.

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